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ΧȾΣʶƶϳӢĹƱӰԼĸҵ
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ѩȻûкרҽǵˮƽ̵ܹķ¼Լ¼ľùɣ꾭̵ľκҵƵıؽֻˣ洦ɼ·м֤Ⱥѩ֪ҿܶ˲ơǣѩѡ˰ûаƹ˼·ͶʣҲûäĿЩͶʵˣڵȴͼռ鱨
Ӣ繤IJƷߣԭСҵͣͲǰ֯ҵٶҲ졣ͬʱ졢ӢƳƷĽȴʮѸ٣ӢƷг谭ұҵ֯ҵȵʱҪҵŷչ·Ͷʽ

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·ҵ˾ƲҲʹӢͶ߳емֵ֤1857^˻Σϵͳ̱ˣĻΣ10Ѯﵽ˶㡣ʱŦԼ6362ֹ֧ͣʾȻ60%Ʊгµ20-50%·˾ĹƱﵽ80%ϡľΣѸӵӢŷ½һһƲ


ʱѩҿʼҵжûиʲôУȻдʽ𣬵ȲԼľΣҪͨսսϱսѩҪľչЩƲҵ
һµʱѩչҸ˾ҵԼ֯ҵҳɹչ˿Ҹһп¶ר칫˾Ĵֹɷݡҿ¶ר칫˾ѩҲʲôʷעһԪͬʱŵҹ˾Ǵ

егǺѩҵõ˹ɷݡҹ˾սṩ˴ľӦӰ켫Զͬʱо˱ļ촬ˣѩҽЩͬչ촬еĻ豸һͻعȣݡҪ촬豸ʹˣѩṩ˾ҵᡣ
촬Ҳƽ촬ȥ˾ʼһӴ촬ϲƻϰҮɴʵFʵ¡ϰĺͷᴬ롢Ҷɴȳ뾭μ沢ͺϲΪ촬ʹ롣µ촬ʵ˹ɷƣԭеʱתΪ˾ɷݣͶ˳УdzΪ촬Ĺɶ촬ĺϲ̫ƽΪ촬ҵչһʱҪ¢ϵĽƹûиԤΪеĹɷݴɷݣ˵ʵ̫ƽǽ촬ɶ
뽭촬ͬǸݺݵ촬촬λβۣǰʼͶʽ裬ʵ֤ó·Ӱ죬촬ʼγ֮ʱչȪݸͻ½θݣʼȵصĺ˷չ촬Щǡǽſʼ촬ƻǼ˲ŶԶѷλǰ
ѩһ֮Ҫ֮һΪ촬ˡͻ豸ƹжΪΪ

ʱ촬һ̫Ӣ˲ṩļܹҵжģ촬ҵ1880ǰ˵ľͼѧ촬ۺϵԶӢ˵ʱ촬˿ġƹͺѩҵŬûаѣǵ춨Ի촬ϵչ

Ļ˭˵һҪӢ˲ܳ£·Լ߳ģȻлЩ·ȷʵʵı֮·
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